Problems within the SpA group – diagnostic versus classification criteria; differential diagnosis within the SpA group; the issue of axial psoriatic arthritis
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Keywords

axial spondyloarthritis
psoriatic arthritis
diagnosis
classification
criteria

Categories

How to Cite

Sapundzhiev, L., Sapundzhieva, T., Mitev, M., & Batalov, K. (2026). Problems within the SpA group – diagnostic versus classification criteria; differential diagnosis within the SpA group; the issue of axial psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Bulgaria), 34(3), 335-370. https://doi.org/10.35465/eb4ka042

Abstract

Diagnostic delay in spondyloarthritis (SpA) results in the occurrence and progression of structural damage, which is irreversible and presented by a unique combination of inflammation-induced bone loss (erosions, periarticular and systemic osteoporosis), together with new bone formation and extraosseous ossification (ligaments/entheses). The most significant opponent of diagnostic delay is misdiagnosis, leading to incorrect treatment with its complications, together with the consequences of an untreated but present disease. In the second part of the review, the problems of early diagnosis in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) will be considered - related to the available criteria, the accessible diagnostic methods, or arising from other factors (related to the patient or the systems for specialized medical care).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35465/eb4ka042
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References

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Copyright (c) 2026 Lyubomir Sapundzhiev, Tanya Sapundzhieva, Martin Mitev, Konstantin Batalov (Author)

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